guidelines of reformatting:
Reformatting your Windows XP computer will erase everything on your hard drive and reinstall the operating system. To avoid losing your data (documents, pictures, music, etc.), you will want to backup your information prior to reformatting. See the ITS Help Desk Personal Data Backup Support Center for more information. After you have reformatted your computer, you will need to reinstall all of your personal data, as well as any software products you may use (for example, Microsoft Office, iTunes, Symantec AntiVirus, etc.).
Reformatting your Windows XP computer has three main parts:
- Reformatting the computer from your operating system CD.
- Reinstalling the drivers that came with your computer.
- Running Windows Update to reinstall all security updates and patches.
Please contact the ITS Help Desk (384-4357) prior to reformatting your computer if you have questions about any of these processes involved.
NOTE: If you have a network connection, please unplug from the network before starting installation.
1. First, make sure that your computer is set to Boot to CD. This is a different procedure depending on your computer. When your computer first boots look for an option to enter the BIOS settings. Under the BIOS settings find the “Boot Order” and make sure the CD-ROM is set to boot first. If you have any problems with this please contact the ITS Help Desk at 319-384-HELP.
2. With the Windows XP CD in the CD-ROM drive, save your BIOS settings and exit.
3. If you’ve done everything correctly you should be asked to “Press Any Key to Boot from CD”.
4. After installing the necessary setup files, Windows XP will display your partitions. Delete any existing partitions by selecting the desired partition with the arrow keys, press D to delete and then L to confirm the deletion.
5. You should now have only one option, “Unpartitioned Space”. Press Enter to install Windows XP to the unpartitioned space.
6. When asked how you would like to format the partition, select “Format using the NTFS file system”.
7. After the partition is formatted, Windows XP will begin installation. The computer will reboot. While the computer is rebooting, please do not touch any keys. From now on the screens will look like the following:
8. Enter your product key. If you purchased Windows XP from the IMU Bookstore, the product key will be located on the back of the sleeve your CD came in. If you are reformatting using a Windows XP CD that came with your computer, the product key may be located on a sticker somewhere on your computer case.
9. When asked for Network Settings, choose “Typical Settings”.
10. Windows XP will now complete installation. Upon completion you will need to re-install the drivers for your hardware (Modem, Sound, Video, etc). Many PC companies such as Dell, Gateway, and HP will include a “Driver Installation CD” with the computer. Simply insert the CD and follow the instructions. Otherwise, you can download current drivers from many manufacturer’s support web sites. If you have any problems please contact the ITS Help Desk at 319-384-HELP.
11. Next turn on the Internet Connection Firewall. Instructions to turn on the Internet Connection Firewall can be found here.
12. Reconnect your computer to the Network.
13. Run Windows Update by opening Internet Explorer, then clicking on Tools -> Windows Update. Follow the on-screen instructions for installing critical updates.
14. Restart your computer.
15. FINISH.
USC ALPHA ~
1 9 7 3
HISTORY OF USC ALPHA CHAPTER
The USC-Alpha Chapter is the proud mother chapter of AKP-Cebu. It was organized on Sept. 15, 1990 by Engr. Ramil Nathan, Talamban Campus in 1990 and grew rapidly the next year at the Main Campus. It’s existence came from an era were fraternities cannot exist without an umbrella organization pulling up their strings. The so called “united fraternities” were put to history by the independent fraternal set-up USC-Skeptrons possessed & practice all through the years. During the onset of AKRHO in the Talamban Campus, the first thing it has to deal with is survival.
The first GS – Brod. Engr. Dexter Duremdes managed to stand by the pressures of recruitment and inter-fraternity competitions. Though the recruits during his term, majority of it, hails from outside the province of Cebu, saved the process by welcoming new brods & sis from the City. The second GS – Brod. Justice Mandolado, a son of a former judge, came from USC-Boy’s High Skeptrons.
The first GS from the Main Campus, Brod. Justice was placed in a term of turmoil & chaos. During his term, the so called “frat wars” were brought to the streets and subsequently into the university campuses. Due to this events, he abdicated from finishing the term and thus passed the burden to the new and prolific third GS – Brod. Bataan G. Coliflores. “Batz“, as we all fondly call him, was one of the co-organizers of the “Thirteen Warriors”, the famous but anonymous AKP hitsquads. He then later became the GS for the Cebu Supreme Council.
The early 1990’s proved to be a pivotal stage for AKP not just to the Alpha Chapter but also to the whole Cebu Chapter. After Brod. Batz relinquished his duties as GS for USC, another set of die-hard Skeptrons flourished. This time under the authority of Brod. Lex C. Manapsal. Brod. Lex or “lexiboy” was one of the spark-plugs to get the whole Cebu running into the same direction. Although there were a lot of good contributions that time, he & his able bodied officers came to an idea to involve every member (active or inactive) to worthwhile projects or gatherings that will strengthen the brotherhood.
Thus the creation of a unique bonding called “the drinking team”. If Brod. Batz was the “thick & thin”, Brod. Lex was the “bottle-tested”. After a few years from finishing his term, he then became the Chartered President of Skeptron Alumni-Cebu Chapter. After the MC-Boy came the “TC-Boy”, the next GS from the College of Engineering, Brod. Marssus Lamagon, the GS who somewhat built a post for his own(as some brods would jokingly say), is an easy-go-lucky leader. He furnished himself with lessons from the past to apply to his own type of leadership. Brod. Marssus promoted projects such as AKP-Bulletin Boards, Wall Clocks & lot more. Mostly all these projects have a very big mark in it-AKP. That only shows his loyalty to his Mother Chapter & Alma Mater.
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES~
The Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city. It comprises 7,107 islands[10] in the western Pacific Ocean.
The Philippines is the world’s 12th most populous country, with an estimated population of about 92 million people.[4][11] Its national economy is the 47th largest in the world, with an estimated 2008 gross domestic product (GDP nominal) of over US$ 168.6 billion (nominal).[12] It is estimated that there are about 11 million overseas Filipinos worldwide, equivalent to about 11% of the total population of the Philippines. [13]
A former colony of Spain and the United States, the Philippines is one of two predominantly Roman Catholic countries in Asia, the other being East Timor. There are also a number of minority religious groups, including Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and other beliefs. Multiple ethnicities, and cultures are found throughout the islands. Ecologically, the Philippines is one of the most diverse countries in the world.
The name Philippines was derived from King Philip II of Spain in the 16th century. Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos used the name Las Islas Filipinas, in honor of the Prince of Asturias (Spain) during his expedition to the islands, originally referring to the islands of Leyte, and Samar.[14][15] Despite the presence of other names, the name Filipinas was chosen as the name of the archipelago.
The official name of the Philippines changed throughout the course of its history. During the Philippine Revolution, it was officially called República Filipina or the Philippine Republic. From the period of the Spanish-American War, and the Philippine-American War, until the Commonwealth period, American colonial authorities referred to the country as the Philippine Islands, a translation of the original Spanish name. It was during the American period that the name Philippines began to appear, a name that has become its common name. The official name of the country now is Republic of the Philippines.
Archeological discoveries in the Tambon Caves of Palawan, prove humans existed in the Philippines around 40,000 years ago.[16] What happened before or after that is not clear. One current theory is that Negritos, a pre-Mongoloid race migrated from mainland Asia and settled in the Philippine archipelago about 30,000 years ago. A further theory is that from about 6,000 years ago Austronesian people from China moved to Taiwan and later descendants sailed across the Bashi channel into northern Luzon. This theory further postulates that from the Philippines their descendants in turn became the Polynesian seafarers who settled the Pacific islands, and also moved down the Philippine archipelago into what is now Malaysia and Indonesia.
It appears the Malays of the Philippines traded with other Asian countries during the prehistoric period. Before the arrival of Islam, Animism syncretized with Hinduism, and Buddhism were the religions of various Philippine indigenous kingdoms.[17][18] There was no unifying political state encompassing the entire Philippine archipelago. Instead, the region were ruled by competing thalassocracies ruled by Datus, Rajahs, and Sultans, such as the Kingdom of Maynila, Namayan, Dynasty of Tondo, Madya-as Confederacy, the Rajahnates of Butuan, and Cebu, the sultanates of Maguindanao, and Sulu.[19][20][21][22] Some of these indigenous tribes were part of the Malayan empires of Srivijaya, Majapahit, and Brunei.[23][24] Islam was brought to the Philippines by traders, and proselytizers from Malaysia, and Indonesia.[25] By the 13th century, Islam were established in the Sulu Archipelago, and reached Mindanao, the Visayas, and Luzon by 1565. Muslims established Islamic communities.
In 1521, Portuguese-born Spanish explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrived at Samar and Leyte, and claimed the islands for Spain.[26][26] Colonization began when Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi, arrived from Mexico in 1565, and formed the first European settlements in Cebu. In 1571, they established Manila as the capital of the Spanish East Indies.[27][28] The colony was governed as a territory of the Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1565 to 1821, and administered directly from Spain from 1821 to 1898.
A map found on board the Na SA de Covadonga, after it was taken by Commodore Anson in 1743, showing the route of the Manila-Acapulco galleon sailing through the Philippine Islands.
Spanish rule brought political unification to an archipelago that later became the Philippines, and introduced elements of western civilization such as the code of law, printing, and the calendar.[28] The Philippines was governed by Mexico City from 1565 to 1821, before it was administered directly from Madrid after the Mexican revolution. The Manila Galleon which linked Manila to Acapulco travelled once or twice a year between the 16th and 19th centuries. The Spanish military fought off various indigenous revolts and several external colonial challenges, specially from the British, Chinese pirates, Dutch, and Portuguese. Roman Catholic missionaries converted most of the inhabitants to Christianity and founded schools, universities, and hospitals. In 1863 a Spanish decree introduced education, establishing public schooling in Spanish.[29] After the British occupation from 1762-1764, the Spanish opened their Philippine forts to world trade. The economy increased, and many criollos and mestizos became wealthy. The influx of Spanish settlers secularized churches and government positions traditionally held by the criollos. The ideals of revolution also began to spread through the islands. Criollo insurgency resulted in the Novales, and the revolt in Cavite El Viejo in 1872 that would lead to the Philippine Revolution. The first official census in the Philippines was carried out in 1878. The country’s population as of December 31, 1877 was recorded at 5,567,685 persons.[30]
The rise of Philippine nationalism grew after colonial authorities executed three progressive native priests, Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (known as Gomburza), who were accused of rebellion, in 1872.[31] This would inspire a Propaganda Movement in Spain, organized by expatriate patriots José Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Mariano Ponce, lobbying for political reforms in the Philippines. The movement produced a newspaper, La Solidaridad. Rizal, who wrote the novels Noli Me Tangere, and El Filibusterismo, returned to the Philippines and established the organization La Liga Filipina which also called for reforms. He was exiled to Dapitan, where he met Josephine Bracken.[32] He was executed on December 30, 1896, on charges of rebellion.[32]
Andrés Bonifacio, meanwhile, established the secret society Katipunan in 1892, which sought independence from Spain through armed revolt.[33] Bonifacio and the Katipunan started the Philippine Revolution in 1896. A faction of the Katipunan, the Magdalo of Cavite province, challenged Bonifacio’s position as the leader of the revolution. Emilio Aguinaldo took over from Bonifacio (who was executed afterwards) and formed the Republic of Biak-na-Bato in 1897.[34] A ceasefire was agreed at the Treaty of Biak-na-Bato, which led to the revolutionary leaders to depart for Hong Kong, in exile, officially ending the revolution on May 17, 1897, though rebel activities continued regardless of the treaty.[35]
The Spanish-American War began in Cuba in 1898, and reached the Philippines after the United States fought Spain in the Battle of Manila Bay. Aguinaldo, now unofficially allied with the United States, returned from exile and declared Philippine independence from Spain in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898, and established the República Filipina or the Philippine Republic in Malolos, Bulacan the following year. Meanwhile, the islands were ceded, together with Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam, to the United States for $20 million during the Treaty of Paris. This would lead to the Philippine-American War which led to Aguinaldo becoming captured on March 23, 1901. The war (along with the Moro Rebellion) continued until 1913. At least 34,000 Filipinos lost their lives as a direct result of the war, and as many as 200,000 may have died as a result of the cholera epidemic at the war’s end.[36][37]
Former politician, Manuel L. Quezon in his inauguration as President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines during the American period.
As a result of the Jones Law and the subsequent Tydings-McDuffie Act the Philippines became a Commonwealth.[38][39][40][41] The Commonwealth was officially inaugurated in November 15, 1935. Manuel L. Quezon was elected as president in 1935, with the task of preparing the country for full sovereignty. During his term numerous tasks regarding agrarian reform were initiated which included the colonization of Mindanao, an area considered as part of the hinterlands at the time. He also faced several challenges from leftist groups, such as the Sakdalista. Apart from this, his projects also included the creation of a new capital and the formation of a unifying National Language.
Efforts to prepare the country for full democracy were hampered by Japanese invasion during World War II. Despite a valiant effort to defend the country in Bataan and Corregidor, the was occupied and was turned into a puppet state, run by Jose P. Laurel. Numerous war crimes were committed during the years of occupation such as the plight of comfort women and the Bataan Death March. In exile, Quezon continued representing the Commonwealth in forums such as the Pacific War Council and the United Nations until his death in 1943. The islands were liberated in 1944-1945 beginning in the Battle of Leyte Gulf, where General Douglas MacArthur led the United States armed forces (U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Marine Corps) and escorted Sergio Osmeña, Quezon’s successor, back to the country. The liberation ended after the Battle of Manila, killing almost 100,000 people, bringing the death toll for the country at least a million dead. On July 4, 1946, the United States finalized Philippine independence.
Francis Magalona:
Francis Durango Magalona (October 4, 1964 – March 6, 2009), also known as FrancisM, Master Rapper, and The Man From Manila, was a Filipino rapper, songwriter, producer, actor, director, and photographer. Often hailed as the “King of Pinoy Rap”, he was considered a legend in the Philippine music community. With the success of his earliest albums, he was the first Filipino rapper in the Philippines to cross over to the mainstream. He is also credited for having pioneered the merging of rap with Pinoy rock, becoming a significant influence to artists in that genre as well. He was also a television host on MTV Asia and on noontime variety television show Eat Bulaga! Magalona died seven months after being diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia.[2] Magalona was later awarded a posthumous Presidential Medal of Merit. The award’s citation noted that it had been given “for his musical and artistic brilliance, his deep faith in the Filipino and his sense of national pride that continue to inspire us.”
FAMILY AND EARLY CAREER:
Magalona was the eighth of the nine children of actors Pancho Magalona and Tita Duran, popular film stars of the 1940s and 1950s.[2] His grandfather, Enrique Magalona, served in the Philippine Senate from 1946 to 1955. He graduated from High School at the Don Bosco Technical College in Mandaluyong City from 1978 to 1981 and studied at the San Beda College in Manila from 1981-1984.
With the familiarity brought about by having celebrity parents, Magalona started out as a breakdancer in the 1980s.[2] He was cast in several Filipino movies of that decade, including Bagets 2. He likewise gained attention as the resident DJ/rapper in the IBC-13 variety show Loveli’Ness.[2]
Magalona was introduced by co-actor Richard Gomez to Pia Arroyo at a party in a disco owned by the late film director Ishmael Bernal,[6] and the couple got married in 1985.[7] The couple had eight children, two of whom were Francis’ step-children:[8][9] Unna, Nicolo, Francis Jr. (Frank), Elmo, Clara, and television personalities Maxene and Saab and Arkin, who recently entered showbiz after his father’s death.
MUSIC CAREER:
FILIPINO HIPHOP AND NATIONALISTIC RAP~
In 1990, he released the groundbreaking album Yo!, the first commercially released Filipino rap album.[10] Yo! included several popular singles such as “Mga Kababayan” (My Fellow Countrymen), “Gotta Let ‘Cha Know”, “Cold Summer Nights” and “Man From Manila”. With tracks that featured politically conscious and thought-provoking rhymes in both English and Tagalog, Yo! was a big success and helped catapult Filipino hip hop from underground to mainstream status. It also marked the birth of Makabayang (Nationalistic) rap in Filipino hip hop.
Magalona remains highly respected in the Pinoy Rap scene
In 1992, Francis Magalona released Rap Is FrancisM (1992). With tracks addressing the various cultural and social problems that plagued his country such as drug addiction in “Mga Praning” (Paranoids), political instability in “Halalan” (Elections) as well as the detrimental effects of a colonial mentality in “Tayo’y Mga Pinoy” (We Are Filipinos), the record’s complexity and conscious message quickly earned it its classic status and became the standard by which future albums of the genre were to be compared[citation needed]. This album helped tag Magalona as one of the most politically conscious voices of his generation.
HARDWARE SYNDROME AND THE MERGING OF RAP WITH PINOY ROCK:
The release of his third album, Meron akong ano! (I Got Some!) in 1993 marked the beginning of Magalona’s experimentation with Pinoy rock.[2] It also saw the birth of Hardware Syndrome–previously known as Cannabis–the band which would, with Magalona at its helm, introduce the merging of Pinoy Rock and Rap to the Filipino music audience. Members over the years included musicians Carlo Sison,Francis Villanueva, Niño Mesina, Boyet Aquino, Elmer Blancaflor, Noel Mendez, Perf de Castro, Benjie “Bagets” Mendez, Albert Tamayo, DJ Kimozave, DJ Radikal MK, Kenji Marquez, Jack Rufo, and Wendell Garcia.[12]
Magalona was soon cited for excellence in both genres of music. He frequently collaborated with other OPM luminaries such as Joey Ayala, Heber Bartolome of Banyuhay, Ryan Cayabyab, Mike Hanopol of Juan Dela Cruz Band, Andrew E., Michael V. and the Eraserheads. In the latter part of his career, Magalona worked together with Gloc 9 and Parokya ni Edgar. In 1994, Magalona moved from Octo-Arts EMI Philippines, which had released all of his previous albums, to BMG Records Pilipinas, the same label as the seminal Pinoy rock group, The Eraserheads.[12]
Freeman was released the following year, 1995, and firmly established Magalona’s legitimacy in the Pinoy rock scene. Tracks like “Three Stars & A Sun”, “Kabataan Para Sa Kinabukasan”, “Suckin’ on Helium/Kaleidoscope World” would become defining touch-points in Magalona’s body of work. A track titled “Intellectual Property Rights” would sample a speech by then-president Fidel V. Ramos. Intellectual property rights was an issue that would continue to be an important and very personal advocacy for Magalona.[12][13] “Kaleidoscope World” went on to win 1996 Awit Award for Best Produced Record of the Year, and the 1996 NU 107 Rock Award for Song of the Year. Its music video was directed by the celebrated director/cinematographer Raymond Red[14][15]
Magalona’s next album,Happy Battle, was released in 1996.[16] The launch for the video-game themed album at the Hard Rock Cafe in Makati was noted by the press for its wide range of influences: aside from fans of Magalona’s music, he had showbiz fans and coworkers from Eat Bulaga!, where he had already started hosting; and two sets of Sony Playstations with giant screens set up so people could play video games while watching the gig. The album was also notable for a number of significant collaborations: “Unstrung Heroes” with Ely Buendia; “Sapot”, with project band Planet Garapata, which included Raimund Marasigan, Jeng Tan and Mark Lakay, who would later form Sandwich; and “Make Your Move” with pioneer Filipino punk band Betrayed. In keeping with the nationalistic theme in Magalona’s work, 1-800-Ninety-Six was written in celebration of the centennial of the Philippine revolution of 1896. “Rainy” won Best Folk song, and the album itself would became the first and only album to win Best Rock and Best Rap Album at the Katha Awards.[12] When Magalona was diagnosed with Leukemia, he and his wife Pia would use the album name “Happy Battle” as a reference to his fight against cancer.
LATER ALBUMS WITH SONY BMG:
The 1998 album The Oddventures of Mr. Cool saw a move from the last two albums’ heavy guitar sound and explored mellow, urban-style rapping. It featured the song “Whole Lotta Lovin’”, whose music is a sample of the Eraserheads song “Alapaap”.
Later albums with BMG would include Interscholastic (1999) which featured adaptations of various artists’ songs; and Freeman 2 (2001), which would echo many of the themes that had made the first Freeman album so popular. In 2002, his greatest hits album The Best of FrancisM was released by Musiko and Sony BMG Philippines. 2004 in turn saw the release of a single titled “Pambihira Ka”.
INDEPENDENT PROJECTS:
In 2002, with the assistance of then FUBU Philippines’ management employees Carlo Maniquiz and Nick Tuazon, Magalona launched a compilation album of the same name.[17]
Magalona founded his own record company called Red Egg Records, and a production company, Filipino Pictures Inc., where he served as the resident Director. Through his production company, Magalona produced and directed music videos for several bands and solo artists such as Ely Buendia. His work on Sponge Cola’s “KLSP” won Best Rock Video at the 2006 MYX Video Awards.
Shortly before his death, Magalona collaborated with Ely Buendia on an album with the working title The Sickos Project. It will be released posthumously.[18] Both Francis M. and Ely Buendia were having health problems at that time. The album’s carrier single is “Higante” (giant) which is about illness. In an interview, Ely Buendia described his self as a “ticking timebomb” and Francis Magalona as “on borrowed time.” The album will include a documentary about Ely and Francis, shot by Magalona’s very own production company Filipino Pictures.
TELEVISION CAREER:
In 1997, Magalona played the lead role in the made-for-TV movie Kamada by Raymond Red. The film, a full length feature shot on 16 mm, received awards from The Philippines Broadcasting Television and Asian TV Awards in 1997.[19]
And in addition to co-hosting LoveliNess, Magalona was one of the original members of the youth oriented show That’s Entertainment in 1987. He was also a co-host of the Philippine noon-time variety show Eat Bulaga! as well as being a VJ for MTV Asia and Channel V.[11] He was MTV Asia’s first Filipino VJ and remained with the network from 1996 to 2000. He was also chosen by Fremantle Media, owners of American Idol as one of the judges of in the first Philippine Idol season that aired on ABC-5 (now TV5). Magalona and his fellow judges Ryan Cayabyab and Pilita Corrales were not retained by GMA Network when the franchise transferred to that network in 2008. Aside from television, he also hosted live events and presentations.
Francis Magalona is the 1st Asian celebrity who became VJ for rival music networks MTV Asia & Channel V.
OTHER ENDEAVORS:
In his last years, Magalona also turned his attention to photography, a hobby which he began to take more seriously when he started submitting pictures to magazines for publication. News reports note that he was overjoyed when he was accepted as a member of the prestigious Camera Club of the Philippines, and eventually received critical acclaim for his photographs.[2]
Branching out into fashion, Magalona also established a clothing line named FMCC, standing for “FrancisM Clothing Co.” FMCC also operates it’s stores under the “3 Stars & A Sun” brand.
And way before celebrity blogs had become the norm, Francis had begun blogging to communicate with fans. His website, A Free Man, chronicled his latest projects, new endeavors and even family affairs such as birthday parties and other activities with his children. His wife Pia, and some of his children had likewise started their own websites.[20]
He also started a foundation with Ely Buendia called Heartist Foundation, which aims to help Filipino artists with health and commercial concerns.
ILLNESS AND DEATH:
Magalona, then 43, was diagnosed on August 8, 2008, with acute myeloid leukemia at the Medical City Hospital, Pasig City. Appealing to the media and the public, Magalona said:
I don’t want a media circus, [...] I want privacy with my family. What I’d rather talk about is how we can solicit blood donations to replace the supply that I have consumed in the hospital.
—Francis Magalona, August, 2008
After his first treatment and discharge, he made his return on Eat Bulaga together with Ely Buendia, who had also been recently discharged. Not wanting to let the disease get the better of him, he remained active, chronicling his battle with the disease on his blogs and continuing to pursue his creative efforts in spite of his illness. His daughter Maxene noted that “He always did what he wanted to do. He never let anyone or anything stop him from doing what he loved to do. He still went to the Camera Club, he still took pictures, every time he was discharged from the hospital, he recorded songs with Ely Buendia. He taught us that life is short but it can be well lived. Don’t waste your time in the world.”[22]
His wife Pia later described her husband’s battle with the disease, saying “Francis was a very passionate person. When he was angry, he was very expressive. He would get angry with his cancer. That was his way of coping with it. But he didn’t give up. I remembered that he told me, ‘I’m going down fighting.’[23]
On March 6, 2009, at 12:00 p.m., Magalona succumbed to multi organ failure secondary to septic shock, secondary to pneumonia in the immunocompromised (immediate cause); acute respiratory failure secondary to acute respiratory distress syndrome (antecedent cause); underlying cause: acute myleogenous leukemia blast crisis.[24][25] He had undergone several chemotherapy sessions since he was diagnosed the previous year, and had been expected to undergo a bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT).[25][26][27]
The announcement was first made on the television variety show Eat Bulaga!, which he had co-hosted.[26] News of his death sparked a surge of web traffic to several Philippine news sites, causing a momentary slowdown in the operation of those sites.[28] Guests at his wake included former president Corazon Aquino, along with other politicians and artists who paid tribute to Magalona’s contribution to Filipino music, and to the national pride – the dominant advocacy theme in FrancisM’s music.[29] Fans arrived in droves to pay their last respects, some of them making a point to wear shirts from Magalona’s FMCC line. Numerous television programs, ranging from noontime variety shows to primetime newscasts and late night news documentaries, paid tribute to Magalona.
Magalona had been slated to appear as a special surprise guest at the Eraserheads’ “the Final Set” reunion concert on March 7, 2009. Since he died the day before, the band instead dedicated the concert as tribute to Magalona. Buendia rapped the 22-bar portion in Superproxy which FrancisM had written,[30] and the penultimate song of their last ever Eraserheads performance was the reprise of Kaleidoscope World.[24]
Magalona’s remains were cremated before daybreak on March 11, 2009. After final rites, his ashes were then brought to his final resting place in the Loyola Memorial Park in Marikina City, causing traffic to stall in the Marikina Riverbanks area near the park as fans joined the convoy. Military rites and a salute were offered to Magalona, and his wife Pia accepted a Philippine flag from the Philippine Army, in recognition of Magalona’s patriotism and for being an army reservist with the rank of sergeant.
President Corazon Aquino~
1933 - 2009
Maria Corazon “Cory” Cojuangco Aquino (January 25, 1933 – August 1, 2009) was a President of the Philippines and a world-renowned advocate of democracy, peace, women’s empowerment, and religious piety. She served as the 11th president of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. She was the first female president of the Philippines and was Asia’s first female president. Aquino died on August 1, 2009 after suffering from colon cancer.
A self-proclaimed “plain housewife”,[3] Aquino was married to Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr. (1932–1983), a leading figure in the political opposition against the autocratic rule of President Ferdinand Marcos. After her husband was assassinated upon his return from exile in the United States on August 21, 1983, Aquino, who had no prior political experience, became a focal point and unifying force of the opposition against Marcos. She was drafted to run against Marcos in the 1986 snap presidential elections. After Marcos was proclaimed the winner despite widespread reports of electoral fraud, Aquino was installed as President by the peaceful 1986 People Power Revolution.
EARLY LIFE AND EDUCATION:
Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco was born the sixth among eight children from a family considered to be a member of one of the richest Chinese-mestizo families in the Philippines, in Tarlac.
She was born to Jose Cojuangco of Tarlac and Demetria Sumulong of Antipolo, Rizal. Her ancestry was one-eighth Tagalog from her maternal side, one-eighth Kapampangan and one-fourth Spanish from her paternal side, and half-Chinese from both maternal and paternal sides.
She was sent to St. Scholastica’s College in Manila where she finished grade school as class valedictorian in 1943. In 1946, she enrolled for a year in high school at the Assumption Convent in Manila. Later, she was sent to the United States to study at the Ravenhill Academy in Philadelphia, the Notre Dame Convent School in New York, and the College of Mount Saint Vincent, also in New York. Meanwhile, she worked as a volunteer in the 1948 United States presidential campaign of Republican Thomas Dewey against President Harry Truman. She studied Liberal Arts and graduated in 1953 with a Bachelor of Arts in French Language, with a minor in Mathematics. She intended to become a math teacher and a language interpreter.
MARRIED LIFE:
Aquino returned to the Philippines to study law at the Far Eastern University, owned by the family of the late Nicanor Reyes, Sr., who had been the father-in-law of her older sister Josephine. She gave up her law studies when in 1954, she married Benigno Servillano “Ninoy” Aquino, Jr., the son of a former Speaker of the National Assembly. They had five children together: a son, Benigno Simeon Aquino III, who was elected to the Philippine Senate in 2007, and four daughters, Maria Elena A. Cruz, Aurora Corazon A. Abellada, Victoria Eliza A. Dee, and actress-television host Kristina Bernadette A. Yap. Aquino had initial difficulty adjusting to provincial life when she and her husband moved to Concepcion, Tarlac, in 1955, after her husband had been elected the town’s mayor at the age of 22. The American-educated Aquino found herself bored in Concepcion, and welcomed the opportunity to have dinner with her husband inside the American military facility at nearby Clark Field.
A member of the Liberal Party, Aquino’s husband rose to be governor of Tarlac, and was elected to the Philippine Senate in 1967. During her husband’s political career, Aquino remained a housewife who helped raise the children and played hostess to her spouse’s political allies who would frequent their Quezon City home. She would decline to join her husband on stage during campaign rallies, preferring instead to stand at the back of the audience in order to listen to him. Nonetheless, she was consulted upon on political matters by her husband, who valued her judgments enormously.
Benigno Aquino soon emerged as a leading critic of the government of President Ferdinand Marcos of the Nacionalista Party, and there was wide speculation that he would run in the 1973 presidential elections, Marcos then being term limited. However, Marcos declared martial law on September 21, 1972, and later abolished the 1935 Constitution, allowing him to remain in office. Aquino’s husband was among those arrested at the onset of martial law, later being sentenced to death. During his incarceration, Aquino drew strength from prayer, attending daily mass and saying three rosaries a day. As a measure of sacrifice, she enjoined her children from attending parties, and she herself stopped going to the beauty salon or buying new clothes, until a priest advised her and her children to instead live as normal lives as possible.
In 1978, despite her initial opposition, Aquino’s imprisoned husband decided to run the 1978 Batasang Pambansa elections. Aquino campaigned in behalf of her imprisoned husband and for the first time in her life, delivered a political speech, though she willingly relinquished having to speak in public when it emerged that her six-year old daughter Kris was more than willing to speak on stage.
In 1980, upon the intervention of United States President Jimmy Carter, Marcos allowed Senator Aquino and his family to leave for exile in the United States, where he sought medical treatment. The family settled in Boston, and Aquino would later call the next three years as the happiest days of her marriage. He returned without his family to the Philippines on August 21, 1983, only to be assassinated on a staircase leading to the tarmac of the Manila International Airport, which was later renamed in his honor. Corazon Aquino returned to the Philippines a few days later and led her husband’s funeral rites, where more than two million people were estimated to have participated, the biggest funeral ever in Philippine history.
1986 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN:
Aquino participated in many of the mass actions that were staged in the two years following the assassination of her husband. In the last week of November 1985, Marcos unexpectedly announced a snap presidential election to be held in February 1986.[9] Initially, Senator Salvador Laurel of Batangas, the son of a former president, was seen as the favorite presidential candidate of the opposition, under the United Nationalists Democratic Organizations. However, business tycoon Don Joaquin “Chino” Roces was not convinced that Laurel could defeat Marcos in the polls. Roces initiated the Cory Aquino for President Movement to gather one million signatures in one week for Aquino to run as president.
Aquino was reluctant at first to run for presidency, despite pleas that she was the one candidate who could unite the opposition against Marcos.[5] She eventually was convinced following a ten-hour meditation session at a Catholic convent.[6] Laurel did not immediately accede to calls for him to give way to Aquino, and offered her the vice-presidential slot under his UNIDO party. Aquino instead offered to give up her affiliation with her husband’s political party, the Lakas ng Bayan (LABAN), which had just merged with Partido Demokratiko Pilipino, and run under the UNIDO banner with Laurel sliding down to the vice-presidential slot.[5] Laurel gave way to Aquino to run as President and ran as her running-mate under UNIDO as the main political umbrella of the opposition.
In the succeeding political campaign, Marcos charged that Aquino was being supported by communists and agreed to share power with them, to which she responded that she would not appoint one to her cabinet.[10] Marcos also accused Aquino of playing “political football” with the United States with respect to the continued United States military presence in the Philippines at Clark Air Base and Subic Naval Base.[11] Marcos also derided Aquino as “just a woman” whose place was in the bedroom.[3]
The elections held on February 7, 1986 were marred by the intimidation and mass disenfranchisement of voters.[5] Election day itself and the days immediately after were marred by violence, including the murder of one of Aquino’s top allies, Antique governor Evelio Javier. While the official tally of the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) consistently showed Marcos in the lead, the unofficial tally of the National Movement for Free Elections indicated that Aquino was leading. Despite the job walkout of 30 COMELEC computer technicians alleging election-rigging in favor of Marcos,[5] the Batasang Pambansa, controlled by Marcos allies, ratified the official count and proclaimed Marcos the winner on February 15, 1986.[12] The country’s Catholic bishops and the United States Senate condemned the election,[5] and Aquino called for a general strike and a boycott of business enterprises controlled by Marcos allies.[13] She also rejected a power-sharing agreement proposed by the American diplomat Philip Habib, who had been sent as an emissary by U.S. President Ronald Reagan to help defuse the tension.
INSTALLATION AS PRESIDENT:
On February 22, 1986, the People Power Revolution was triggered after two key Marcos allies, Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile and Armed Forces Vice-Chief of Staff Fidel Ramos called on Marcos to resign and holed up in two military camps in Quezon City.[13] Aquino, who was in Cebu City when the revolt broke out, returned to Manila and insisted on joining the swelling crowd that had gathered outside the camps as a human barricade to protect the defectors.[14] On the morning of 25 February 1986, at the Club Filipino in San Juan, Aquino took the presidential oath of office administered by Supreme Court Associate Justice Claudio Teehankee. Marcos himself was sworn into office at Malacañang Palace on that same day, but fled into exile later that night.
PRESIDENCY:
The relatively peaceful manner by which Aquino assumed the presidency through the EDSA Revolution won her widespread international acclaim as an icon of democracy. She was selected as Time magazine’s Woman of the Year in 1986. She was also nominated to receive the Nobel Peace Prize but lost to Elie Wiesel also in 1986. In September 1986, Aquino delivered a speech before a joint session of the United States Congress which was interrupted by applause several times, and which then U.S. House Speaker Tip O’Neill hailed as “the finest speech I’ve ever heard in my 34 years in Congress.” Above the din of cheering officials, Senate Majority Leader Robert Dole said to Mrs. Aquino, “Cory, you hit a home run.” Without missing a beat, Aquino smiled and shot back: “I hope the bases were loaded.”[15]
The six-year administration of President Aquino saw the enactment of a new Philippine Constitution and several significant legal reforms, including a new agrarian reform law. While her allies maintained a majority in both houses of Congress, she faced considerable opposition from communist insurgency and right-wing soldiers who instituted several coup attempts against her government. Her government also dealt with several major natural disasters that struck the Philippines, as well as a severe power crisis that hampered the Philippine economy. It was also during her administration that the presence of United States military bases in the Philippines came to an end.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND LAW REFORM:
One month after assuming the presidency, Aquino issued Proclamation No. 3, which proclaimed her government as a revolutionary government. She suspended the 1973 Constitution installed during martial law, and promulgated a provisional “Freedom Constitution” pending the enactment of a new Constitution.[16] She likewise closed the Batasang Pambansa and reorganized the membership of the Supreme Court. In May 1986, the reorganized Supreme Court declared the Aquino government as “not merely a de facto government but in fact and law a de jure government”, whose legitimacy had been affirmed by the community of nations.[17]
Aquino appointed 48 members of a Constitutional Commission tasked with drafting a new Constitution. The commission, which was chaired by retired Supreme Court Associate Justice Cecilia Muñoz-Palma completed its final draft in October 1986[18] The 1987 Constitution was approved in a national plebiscite in February 1987. Both the “Freedom Constitution” and the 1987 Constitution authorized President Aquino to exercise legislative power until such time a new Congress was organized.[19] She continued to exercise such powers until the new Congress organized under the 1987 Constitution convened in July 1987. Within that period, Aquino promulgated two legal codes that set forth significant legal reforms—the Family Code of 1987, which reformed the civil law on family relations, and the Administrative Code of 1987, which reorganized the structure of the executive branch of government.
However, as President instead of repudiating debts incurred by the former regime or repudiating the debts through selective debt repudiation Mrs. Aquino chose to honor the debts to the detriment of the country.[20]In 1991, Aquino signed into law the Local Government Code partly written by Aquilino Pimentel, which further devolved national government powers to local government units. The new Code enhanced the power of local government units to enact local taxation measures, and assured them of a share of the national internal revenue.
AGRARIAN REFORM:
On July 22, 1987, Aquino issued Presidential Proclamation 131 and Executive Order 229, which outlined the President’s land reform program, and expanded land reform to sugar lands. Her agrarian reform policy was enacted into law by the 8th Congress of the Philippines, which in 1988 passed Republic Act No. 6657, also known as “The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law”. The law authorized the redistribution of agricultural lands to tenant-farmers from landowners, who were paid in exchange by the government just compensation and allowed to retain not more than five hectares of land.[21] Corporate landowners were also allowed under the law to “voluntarily divest a proportion of their capital stock, equity or participation in favor of their workers or other qualified beneficiaries”, in lieu of turning over their land to the government for redistribution.[22] The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the law in 1989, characterizing the agrarian reform policy as “a revolutionary kind of expropriation.”[23]
Prior to signing CARP a large farmer’s group under Jimmy Tadeo tried desperately to air their grievances to the government. Among their grievances was the desire of peasants and farmers to acquire the land being tilled by them. However, instead of holding a dialogue with Heherson Alvarez, the group marched to Mendiola; as the group of farmers tried to breach the line of the police, several Marines fired, killing around 12 of the marchers and injuring 39. This caused Ka Pepe Diokno and several members of the Aquino government to resign. [24]
Controversies eventually centered on the landholdings of Aquino, who inherited from her parents the 6,453-hectare large Hacienda Luisita in Tarlac, which was owned through the Tarlac Development Company.[25] Opting for the stock distribution option under the agrarian reform law, Tarlac Development Company established Hacienda Luisita, Incorporated (HLI) in order to effect the distribution of stocks to the farmer-tenants of the hacienda. Ownership of the agricultural portions of the hacienda were transferred to the new corporation, which in turn distributed its shares of stocks to the farmers.[25] The arrangement withstood until 2006, when the Department of Agrarian Reform revoked the stock distribution scheme implemented in Hacienda Luisita, and ordered instead the redistribution of a large portion of the property to the tenant-farmers.[26] The Department had stepped into the controversy when in 2004, violence erupted over the retrenchment of workers in the Hacienda, eventually leaving seven people dead.
MILITARY INSURRECTIONS:
From 1986 to 1989, Aquino was confronted with a series of attempts[27] at military interventions by some members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, aimed at the overthrow of the Aquino government. Most of these attempts were instigated by the Reform the Armed Forces Movement (RAM), a group of middle-ranking officers closely linked with Defense Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile.[28] Soldiers loyal to former President Marcos were likewise involved in some of these attempts. The first five of the attempts were either crushed before they were put in operation, or repelled with minimal or no violence. The sixth attempt, staged on August 28, 1987, left 53 people dead and over 200 wounded, including Aquino’s son, Noynoy.[29] The seventh and final attempt, which occurred throughout the first week of January, 1989, ended with 99 dead (including 50 civilians) and 570 wounded.[30]
The coup attempts would collectively impair the Aquino government, even though it survived, as it indicated political instability, an unruly military, and diminished the confidence of foreign investors in the Philippine economy.[31] The 1989 coup alone resulted in combined financial losses of between 800 million to 1 billion pesos.[32]
The November 1986 and August 1987 coup plots would also lead to significant reorganizations within the Aquino government. Given the apparent involvement of Defense Secretary Enrile in the November 1986 plot, a fact which was reaffirmed by the Davide Commission Report,[33] Aquino fired him on November 22, 1986, and likewise announced an overall Cabinet revamp, “to give the government a chance to start all over again.“[34] The revamp would lead to the dismissal of Labor Secretary Augusto Sanchez, a perceived leftist, which was believed to be a compromise measure in light of a key rebel demand to cleanse the Cabinet of left-leaning members.[35] Following the August 1987 coup attempt, the Aquino government was seen to have veered to the right, dismissing perceived left-leaning officials such as Executive Secretary Joker Arroyo and tacitly authorizing the establishment of armed quasi-military groups to combat the communist insurgency.[36] It was also believed that General Fidel Ramos, who remained loyal to Aquino, emerged as the second most powerful person in government following his successful quelling of the coup.[37] Across-the-board wage increases for soldiers were also granted.[38]
Aquino herself would sue Philippine Star columnist Louie Beltran and publisher Maximo Soliven for libel after Beltran wrote that the President had hid under her bed during the August 1987 coup as the siege of Malacañang began.
NATURAL DISASTERS AND MAN-MADE DISASTERS:
The Aquino administration faced a series of natural disasters during its last two years in office. The 1990 Luzon earthquake left around 1,600 dead, with around a thousand of the fatalities in Baguio City. The 1991 eruption of the long-dormant Mount Pinatubo was the second largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century,[39] killing around 300 people and causing widespread long-term devastation of agricultural lands in Central Luzon. The worst loss of life occurred when Tropical Storm Thelma (also known as Typhoon Uring) caused massive flooding in Ormoc City in November 1991, leaving around 6,000 dead in what was the deadliest typhoon in Philippine history.
It was during the term of Corazon Aquino that brownouts became sporadic and a lot of households during that time bought generators. Complaints were made against Napocor which was headed by Aboitiz who also owns shares in a firm making generators. It was also during Aquino’s term that the MV Doña Paz sank, which is the worst maritime disaster in Philippine history. The disaster occurred in December 1987 which killed more than 1,700 people.
INFLUENCE IN 1992 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN:
The Philippine Constitution bars a President from serving more than one six-year term, however, President Aquino was not covered of this provision. She rejected re-election and instead, she backed her Defense Secretary Fidel V. Ramos (after initially naming Ramon Mitra, Jr., her former Agriculture Secretary and then Speaker of the House of Representatives, as her candidate), Marcos’ armed forces vice-chief of staff whose defection to the Aquino party proved crucial to the popular revolution. This decision was unpopular among many of her core supporters, including the Roman Catholic Church (Ramos is a Protestant). Ramos narrowly won with just 23.58 percent of the vote, and succeeded Aquino as president on June 30, 1992.
POST PRESIDENCY:
Following the end of her term, Aquino retired to private life. When she rode away from the inauguration of her successor, she chose to go in a simple white Toyota Crown she had purchased (rather than the government-issue Mercedes), to make the point that she was once again an ordinary citizen.[40]
Aquino led the PinoyME Foundation, a non-profit organization that assists microfinance institutions through the provision of loans.[41] She also oversaw social welfare and scholarship assistance projects through the Benigno S. Aquino Foundation, and good governance advocacy through the EDSA People Power Commission, and the People Power People Movement.
President Aquino was likewise a member of the Council of Women World Leaders, an International network of current and former women presidents and prime ministers whose mission is to mobilize the highest-level women leaders globally for collective action on issues of critical importance to women and equitable development.
Aquino was a skilled painter, and was fond of giving her own paintings as gifts to her close friends and acquaintances, including world leaders, diplomats, and corporate executives.
POLITICAL ACTIVITIES:
Aquino continued to speak out on political issues. In the 1998 presidential elections, she supported the candidacy of Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim, who placed fifth.[43] In January 2001, Aquino played an active role in the second EDSA Revolution which ousted President Joseph Estrada and installed Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to the presidency.[44] In 2005, Aquino condemned President Macapagal-Arroyo for allegedly rigging the 2004 presidential elections.[45] She was a visible participant in mass demonstrations against the Arroyo government and called for the President’s resignation.[46]
In December 2008, Aquino publicly expressed some regrets for her participation in the 2001 EDSA Revolution and apologized to former President Joseph Estrada, who had been ousted following that revolt, in his presence.[47] An Aquino spokesperson however later clarified that Aquino’s remarks were taken out of context, they having been made in jest at a light-hearted affair.[48]
In the 2007 senatorial elections, Aquino actively campaigned for her only son, Benigno III, in his successful bid for a Senate seat.
HONORS:
After leaving the presidency, Aquino received several awards and citations. In 1994, Aquino was cited as one of 100 Women Who Shaped World History in a reference book written by Gail Meyer Rolka and published by Bluewood Books in San Francisco, California.[49] In 1996, she received the J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding from the Fulbright Association, joining past recipients such as Jimmy Carter and Nelson Mandela.[50] In August 1999, Aquino was chosen by Time Magazine as one of the 20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th century.[51] The same magazine cited her in November 2006 as one of 65 great Asian Heroes, along with Mahatma Gandhi, Deng Xiaoping, Aung San Suu Kyi, Lee Kuan Yew, and King Bhumibol Adulyadej.[52] In January 2008, the Europe-based A Different View selected Aquino as one of the 15 Champions of World Democracy, alongside Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Jr., Lech Wałęsa, and Vaclav Havel.[citation needed]
In 2002, Aquino became the first woman named to the Board of Governors of the Board of the Asian Institute of Management, a leading graduate business school and think tank in the Asia Pacific region.[53] She served on the Board until 2006.
HEALTH:
On March 24, 2008, the Aquino family announced that the former President had been diagnosed with colon cancer.[55] While she had initially been informed by her doctors that she had only three months to live,[56] Aquino pursued chemotherapy. In public remarks made on May 13, 2008, she announced that blood tests indicated that she was responding positively to the medical treatment.[57]
By July 2009, Aquino was reported to be in a very serious condition and confined to Makati Medical Center due to loss of appetite.[58] It was announced that Aquino and her family had decided to cease chemotherapy and other medical interventions.
DEATH:
Aquino died of cardiopulmonary arrest after complications of colon cancer[61] at the age of 76 on August 1, 2009, 3:18 a.m., at the Makati Medical Center.[2] Aquino was diagnosed with the disease in March 2008 but kept up public appearances this year. A devout Catholic, she was a regular at weekend mass until shortly before being admitted to hospital in late June.
“Our mother peacefully passed away at 3:18 a.m. (19:18 GMT Friday) of cardio-respiratory arrest,” her son, Senator Benigno Aquino III, told reporters in Manila.[62]
Aquino’s body lies at a public wake at the St. Benilde Gymnasium of La Salle Green Hills in Mandaluyong up to August 3 when it would be transferred to the Manila Cathedral; the final rites will be done on August 5 which was declared as a special nonworking holiday by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. Aquino will be buried in Manila Memorial Park in Parañaque.[63] President of Timor-Leste Jose Ramos Horta is expected to arrive to pay his last respects to Aquino.[64]
All Roman Catholic dioceses had started requiem masses for Aquino, after they held “healing masses”.[65] Meanwhile, the government declared a week of mourning for her death.[66] Former President Estrada said that they lost a “mother” and a “guiding voice of the people.” Estrada also described Aquino as “Philippines’ most loved woman”. [67] Aquino supported Estrada’s removal from office in 2001, but the two supported each other to oppose amendments in the constitution since last year.[68] The Senate has also expressed its grieving with Aquino’s death; Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile, who along with Fidel Ramos launched the People Power Revolution, asked the public to pray for her. Minority leader Aquilino Pimentel, who previously served as interior and local government secretary during her administration, had “mixed feelings” with Aquino’s passing, saying “We shall be forever indebted to Cory for rallying the nation behind the campaign to topple dictatorial rule and restore democracy.”[69]
President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev in a telegram to President of the Philippines Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo stated, “The name of Corazon Aquino is associated with a period of profound reforms and the democratic transformation of Filipino society.” Medvedev also noted that Corazon Aquino showed great interest and sympathy to Russia and prioritised the development of Russian-Filipino relations.[70] International figures expressed their grief, with United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton noting that Aquino was “admired by the world for her extraordinary courage”. White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs said that “Her courage, determination, and moral leadership are an inspiration to us all and exemplify the best in the Filipino nation.” Other ambassadors also sent their messages of condolence following her passing.[71] Pope Benedict XVI recalled Aquino as a “courageous commitment to the freedom of the Filipino people, her firm rejection of violence and intolerance,” according to Manila Archbishop Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales. President of South Africa Jacob Zuma called Aquino “a great leader who set a shining example of peaceful transition to democracy in her country.
special someone:
erma™
buong akala ko’y pwede na
pero hindi pa rin pala
hanggang kailan ako maghihintay
sana’y di naman habang buhay.
minahal kita ng sobra-sobra
sa pagtulog koy ikaw ang inaalala
kahit di mo man ito napapansin
sa puso koy tanging ikaw pa rin.
maghihintay ako kahit kailan pa man,
ipakita lang sayo pag-ibig koy walang hanggan.
dedmahin mo man ako ay okey lang
bastat maghihintay ako para sayo.
buong akala koy tapos na,
pero hindi pa rin pala
maghihintay pa rin ako sayo
maging habang buhay man ito.
i love you and it will always be…
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play mafia wars by simply doing jobs or crimes to earn money, buy guns and other stuff. own restaurants and vacant lots and etc.. 
